Table 5. Ethical challenges in CCH research
Challenge Ethical concern Best practices
Working with climate-displaced and stateless populations Many climate migrants lack legal protections and may fear government surveillance or exploitation.
  • Use anonymous participation and ensure data confidentiality.
  • Partner with local organizations to build trust.
Data privacy and protection CCH research collects sensitive personal data, including medical histories and geospatial tracking.
  • Follow strict data governance protocols to protect individuals.
  • Ensure geospatial data cannot be misused for forced relocations.
Power imbalances in research Research in low-income settings is often led by external institutions, leaving local communities with little say in the process.
  • Implement co-design methods to ensure co-ownership of research.
  • Establish long-term, reciprocal partnerships rather than one-time data collection projects.
Box 9. Key considerations
  • Research must be culturally sensitive and adapted to local contexts.
  • Minimizing inherent power imbalances and confidentiality risks requires proactive strategies.
  • Modifying research methods – such as simplified consent processes and gender-sensitive approaches – enhances ethical rigour without compromising data quality.