Table 9. Key institutions in CCH monitoring

Institution	Role in CCH monitoring
World Health Organization (WHO)	Leads global CCH initiatives, such as the Climate and Health Country Profile Project, which helps governments assess climate-related health risks.
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)	Provides climate data standards and coordinates national meteorological agencies to improve CCH forecasting, including the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS), which links meteorological services with public health planning.
Regional/national public health agencies (e.g. Africa CDC)	Conduct national surveillance of climate-sensitive diseases (e.g. heat-related illnesses, vector-borne diseases, air pollution effects).
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)	Provides scientific assessments on climate change and its impacts on health, guiding policy recommendations at international levels.