Throughout this module, the terms 'multidisciplinary', 'interdisciplinary' and 'transdisciplinary' are used with specific and distinct meanings. While these terms may appear synonymous, they represent clearly differentiated approaches to research and problem-solving. The following general definitions provide clarity on their usage within this context:

Multidisciplinary research: An approach that draws upon knowledge and methodologies from multiple academic disciplines to examine a common theme or problem. In this model, each discipline contributes its unique perspective while maintaining its distinct boundaries and methodologies.

Interdisciplinary research: A form of integrative research that combines and synthesizes different, sometimes contrasting, disciplinary methods, models, and research paradigms (e.g. natural versus social sciences). This approach aims to create new knowledge and theory by addressing a common research problem through the integration of diverse disciplinary insights.

Transdisciplinary research: A holistic and participatory form of integrative research that transcends traditional academic boundaries. This approach combines knowledge from both academic and non-academic sources (such as community stakeholders) to address complex, real-world problems. It aims to create new knowledge and theory while working towards practical solutions through a unified, systems-based perspective.

These definitions serve as a general guide to understanding the precise application of these terms within the module.